Which property is crucial for ensuring concrete can withstand freeze-thaw cycles?

The property that is crucial for ensuring concrete can withstand freeze-thaw cycles is air entrainment. When concrete is exposed to freezing and thawing conditions, it undergoes expansion and contraction, which can lead to cracking and deterioration. Air-entrained concrete incorporates tiny air bubbles, which act as pressure relief valves. These bubbles provide space for the water that freezes within the concrete to expand, thereby minimizing internal stress and reducing the likelihood of damage.

In contrast, a low water-cement ratio can enhance the strength and durability of concrete but does not specifically address the issues associated with freeze-thaw cycles. High tensile strength is important for load-bearing capacities and resistance to cracking under applied loads, but it does not specifically relate to freeze-thaw durability. Increased temperature during curing may have some influence on the initial setting and strength gain of concrete, but it does not have a direct impact on its ability to withstand freeze-thaw cycles.