What can excessive water in concrete lead to?

Excessive water in concrete can significantly compromise its overall performance and structural integrity. When too much water is added to the concrete mix, it results in a high water-to-cement ratio, which leads to reduced strength. This happens because the excess water creates more space for the formation of voids or pores within the hardened concrete.

As a consequence, the concrete becomes more permeable, allowing water and other harmful substances to penetrate. This increased permeability can lead to a higher likelihood of deterioration due to freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, such as sulfate attack. Additionally, higher water content can cause increased shrinkage during curing and drying, which may lead to cracking.

While excessive water might improve workability temporarily during mixing, it detracts from the concrete's long-term performance, making it more susceptible to structural failures. Thus, understanding the role of water in the concrete mix is crucial for achieving a strong and durable final product.