How is the density of concrete typically determined?

The density of concrete is typically determined using a mass/volume calculation. This method involves weighing a specific volume of concrete and dividing the mass by the volume to obtain the density. For example, if a known volume of concrete weighs a certain number of kilograms, the density can be calculated by taking the mass in kilograms and dividing it by the volume in cubic meters. This approach is fundamental because it provides a direct and measurable means to assess the concrete's density, which is a critical property influencing its performance in construction.

Other methods mentioned, such as measuring moisture content or conducting a visual inspection, do not accurately determine concrete density. Moisture content may influence the weight of the concrete but does not provide a consistent measure of density, as it varies depending on the amount of water present. Visual inspections cannot quantify density since they rely on subjective assessments rather than objective measurements. A portable density meter could theoretically provide an estimate, but mass/volume calculations are the standard method for obtaining precise density values in concrete testing.